basis came from this youtube video. Added notes in english, plus some example sentences from WWWjdic's & tatoeba.
～際（さい） is used
basically like ~toki. So naninani toki. But it's weird to use with friends. You
can use it for past events and future events. If
you're using Keigo, use 'sai' instead of Toki. This is used a lot in directions
or business situations. “please fasten your seat belts when.”
To form with
nouns use: no.
So 何々の際
ex.
受験の際 = when
you take a test 受験のとき
Example Sentences:
- 離着陸の際にはシートベルトをしめて下さい。
Please secure your seat belt during takeoff and landing. - 予約の際に聞いた確認番号を私に教えて下さい。
Please let me know the confirmation number you were told when you reserved the room. - 食事の際にあまり水を飲みすぎないように。
Avoid drinking too much water with your meals. - 出火の際は、すぐに１１９番に電話しなければならない。
In case of fire, you should dial 119 immediately. - 今後旅行の際はぜひ当社をご検討ください。
Please consider us in the future for all your travel needs. - ご移転の際はお知らせ下さい。
If you change your address, please let me know. - お礼を申し上げるのが遅くなりましたが、貴国訪問の際にはお世話になりました。
I regret the delay in writing to you to thank you for your hospitality on my visit to your country.
when you use
with verbs, use the -ta form or the unconjugated form.
行く際 （when you
go)
行った際 (when
you went)
Examples:
- 中学生が英語を学ぶ際の最難関の一つが関係代名詞です。
One of the greatest hurdles facing middle school students learning English is relative pronouns. - 穂木を台木に差し込む際、形成層を重ね合わせるようにします。
When inserting the budwood into the root stock make the cambium layer overlap. - 彼女の条件が結婚相手を選ぶ際の優先事項だ。
Her conditions for choosing a marriage partner took priority. - また辞去する際に決して忘れないようにすること。
It is very important to be careful not to forget them when you leave.
~に際して
ーonly used for future. Things that are
going to happen. use with nouns and only unconguated verbs. Again, don't use
with friends, so work place situations.
選ぶに際して(before
you choose)
開会に際して(before
the meeting)
Examples:
- 書物の選択に際して、過去の偉大な作家は最も注意されるべきだ。
In one's reading, great writers of the past must be given the most attention. - 卒業に際して、私たちは感謝の印として彼に置き時計を贈りました。
On leaving school, we presented him with a table clock as a token of our thanks. - 書物の選択に際して、過去の偉大な作家たちは最も注目されるべきだ。
In one's reading, great writers of the past must be given the most attention.
~にあたって
ーonly used for future. Things that are
going to happen. use with verbs and only unconjugated verbs. I think this is
the more informal version of nisaishite. So you can use with friends? But not
sure.
選ぶにあたって(before
you choose)
開会にあたって(before
the meeting)
Examples:
- 友人を選ぶにあたってはいくら注意してもしすぎることはない。
You cannot be too careful in choosing your friends. - 研究部長はその部門が新製品のテストをするにあたって、徹底的な仕事をさせた。
The research director had the department do a thorough job in testing the new product.
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